There are multiple screening schemes and diagnostic standards, and there are controversies concerning the diagnostic threshold and the merits and demerits of the one-step and two-step methods. In 2010, the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) proposed a new standard for diagnosing GDM based on the results of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study ( 4). Nonetheless, despite the continuous progress of HIP research in recent years worldwide, scholars have yet to reach a consensus on various aspects. Screening, diagnosing, and treating HIP are therefore particularly important.
SEQUENTIAL SCREENING UPDATE
The global incidence of GDM has increased due to a considerable increase in the incidence of type 2 DM consequent to poor lifestyle choices, an update to the diagnostic criteria for GDM, and emphasis on GDM screening ( 1– 3). Hyperglycaemia first identified in pregnancy may be categorized into gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and Diabetes in pregnancy (DIP).
Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP) is a common complication during pregnancy and is closely associated with short- and long-term adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. The weight gain during pregnancy was lower in the experimental early-HIP, middle-HIP, and control NBG subgroups. The gestational age at delivery was significantly earlier in the experimental subgroup with early-HIP than in the experimental and control subgroups with normal blood glucose (NBG). No significant differences in perinatal clinical data were observed between the experimental and control groups. Previous GDM (OR=8.713, P=0.002) was a risk factor for HIP diagnosis in late pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (odds ratio, OR=9.676, P<0.001), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m 2 (OR=4.273, P<0.001), and maternal age ≥35 years (OR=2.377, P=0.010) were risk factors for HIP diagnosis in early pregnancy.
The total HIP diagnosis rate was significantly higher in the experimental group (53.44% vs. In the experimental group, HIP was diagnosed in 29.51% (90/305), 13.44% (41/305), and 10.49% (32/305) of patient in early, middle, and late pregnancy, respectively.
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